Purpose: Food security is a critical global challenge that is influenced by research AND innovation in the field. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the scientific output of developing countries in food security AND examine its RELATIONSHIP with patents AND Gross Domestic Product (GDP).Methodology: This applied research utilized the Scientometric approach. A total of 8,416 papers published between 1992-2023 in the field of food security by developing countries were included in the study using citation databases from Clarivate Analytics. Additionally, patent registrations from the WIPO database AND GDP data from the World Bank were analyzed. Information was collected through note-taking, AND the data was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient.Findings: The findings reveal an upward trend in the publication AND citation of scientific outputs related to food security in developing countries. China has higher numbers of papers, patents, GDP, AND food production index compared to Iran, Japan, AND South Korea. There is also a positive correlation observed between population AND the number of papers, gross production AND the number of papers, food production AND the number of published papers, as well as the number of patents AND papers citing scientific outputs of countries.Conclusion: These results highlight the significant RELATIONSHIP between increasing scientific output, GDP, the number of patents, AND food security. Greater emphasis on food security contributes to enhanced scientific output, GDP, AND innovation. Similarly, increasing scientific output, GDP, AND innovation positively impact food security in countries.Value: This study emphasizes the importance of scientific outputs in driving technological advancements, innovations, AND ultimately, ensuring food security in developing countries.

The Big Five Inventory (BFI) is one of the most widely used personality questionnaires, but very few studies have been conducted on its psychometric properties in Iranian population. This study was carried out with the aim of studying the psychometric properties of the BFI questionnaire. For this purpose, 390 university STUDENTS in Tehran (210 girls AND 180 boys) with an age range of 18 to 56 years (M = 27.52; SD = 8.79) were selected using the convenience sampling method AND completed BFI AND NEO-FFI questionnaires. Cronbach's alpha, multitrait-multimethod matrix, AND confirmatory factor analysis were used to estimate the psychometric properties of the questionnaire. The result of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that 15 of the 44 items did not have a strong factor loading (higher than 0.40) on the corresponding factors AND were therefore removed from the questionnaire. The fit indices showed that the Persian version of 29 questions (BFI-29) with 5 factors has a good fit with the data. The reliability analysis also showed that the range of Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the factors is from 0.70 to 0.79. The lowest Cronbach's alpha coefficient was related to agreeableness factor AND the highest was related to conscientiousness. The findings from the multitrait-multimethod matrix showed that the BFI-29 questionnaire has good convergent AND divergent validity with the NEO-FFI questionnaire. In general, based on the results of the present study, it can be said that the BFI-29 questionnaire has desirable psychometric properties AND whenever a short tool for personality measurement is needed, this questionnaire can be used.

Introduction: Ethical leadership is leadership focused on appropriate behavior through respect for ethics AND values, as well as the rights AND dignity of others. Ethical leadership can add value to businesses by motivating employees AND fulfilling company values. Therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the RELATIONSHIP between ethical leadership AND cooperative social responsibility AND the moral climate of the organization. Material & Methods: The current research is applied in terms of purpose AND descriptive AND correlational in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of this research included all employees of Management AND Science University (MSU) in Malaysia. Among them, 200 people were selected as the research sample using a simple rANDom sampling method. A stANDard questionnaire was used to collect data. The data was analyzed by structural equation modeling method. Results: The results of statistical analysis showed that ethical leadership has a direct AND positive effect on cooperative social responsibility AND ethical climate. Also, moral climate has a direct AND positive effect on cooperative social responsibility. At the same time, ethical leadership has an indirect AND positive effect on cooperative social responsibility through the mediation of ethical climate. Conclusion: Ethical leadership can affect their social responsibility by inspiring employees to motivate AND align with the company's values. The results of this research showed that ethical leadership leads to greater employee satisfaction AND collaborative responsibility AND leads to the formation of an ethical atmosphere in the organization

A B S T R A C TThe purpose of this study is to measure the level of sustainability of residential complexes in Gorgan AND to identify the impact of social capital AND its dimensions on the concept of housing sustainability. The research method is descriptive AND survey type. The statistical population of the research includes all the residential complexes of Gorgan city, of which 268 cases were determined using Cochran's formula as a statistical sample AND were selected AND studied using the two-stage cluster sampling method.. A researcher-made questionnaire with an answer package was used to collect data. Its validity was confirmed using the formal method AND its reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the concept of social capital (α = 0.879) AND housing sustainability (α = 0.810), respectively. The findings showed that there is a significant positive RELATIONSHIP between social capital AND its dimensions with the dependent variable, i.e. housing sustainability variable AND its four dimensions. The results showed that the integrated model in the present study was able to explain the RELATIONSHIP between social capital AND the concept of housing sustainability to an acceptable extent. Therefore, this model can be useful for other urban areas of the countryExtended AbstractIntroductionThe home is the source AND destination of all human life; AND man leaves it for work AND social activity, AND after doing it AND gaining experience, he returns home. Therefore, the category of housing is a broad AND complex category that has various dimensions. This concept, in addition to the place in the physical concept, includes all the services AND facilities needed by an individual or family that need it to live. To this end, housing planning requires in-depth studies in various social, cultural AND historical fields. Today, the mere attention to the economy, many human, social, indigenous AND cultural values have been lost in the course of these unprincipled constructions that have grown AND are growing at an unprecedented rate. Hence, housing architecture does not simply mean designing or constructing space for human life; For this reason, in housing architecture, especially social housing, apart from the design of human habitation, other dimensions of human life AND habitation must also be considered. Based on what has been mentioned, in our country, today most of the economic dimension AND consequently a small increase in the construction AND architecture of residential complexes AND other dimensions of sustainable development, including social, cultural, physical AND The environment is neglected. Lack of adequate housing, as housing that has the least incompatibility with the natural environment around it AND in a wider area with the region AND the world; it creates problems for the city AND its residents. Meanwhile, residential complexes in Gorgan are no exception to this rule. Complexes that are designed with only the economic dimension in mind, the result of which is the construction of housing in different parts of the city, which has the least coordination AND compatibility with other aspects of sustainable development. Given the above, the importance of the present study, attention to the principles of sustainable development AND the need to create AND expAND social capital for human societies, in the space that was drawn is very important. MethodologyAccording to the purpose of the research AND the level of data analysis, the survey method has been used to collect data. For this purpose, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to obtain information. The statistical population of the study includes all residential complexes in Gorgan. The sample size is 268 based on Cochran's logical formula. Two-stage cluster rANDom sampling method is used. So that the statistical population is divided into clusters AND homogeneous groups AND then the quota of groups or clusters is determined in proportion to the frequency distribution of each cluster. In the next step, residential complexes are selected as a statistical sample from each cluster. To verify the validity of the tool, the formal validation method (referring to professors AND specialists) has been used. Cronbach's alpha method was also used to determine the reliability of the instrument. Results AND discussionAccording to the results of t-test, it can be said that the social capital index is not desirable. The average of social capital index is lower than the hypothetical average. This means that the amount of social capital of the residents of residential complexes in Gorgan is not at the desired level. This is if the level of stability of residential complexes in Gorgan is at a desirable level. Also, there is a significant RELATIONSHIP between housing sustainability AND social capital. AND the order of the effect of social capital variable on the dimensions of economic, social, physical AND environmental sustainability. Based on the results of the probability ratio of the Chi-square value model is less than 0.01, it can be said that the regression model is a good model in which independent variables are well able to explain the changes of the dependent variable. The results of hierarchical regression analysis showed that the estimated value of the social interaction variable is equal to 1.184, which shows that assuming the effect of all model variables remains constant, an increase in the independent social interaction variable increases by 1.184 units. In logarithmic ratios, the dependent variable (housing stability) will be associated. Prioritization of the effectiveness of the studied factors indicates that the factor of formal participation has the first place in determining the sustainability of housing. After this factor, the mental class factor is in the second place, then the residential home ownership factor is in the third place. ConclusionOne of the issues that has attracted everyone's attention in recent decades is housing AND its sustainable development, which is in line with human development. An important point that has been addressed in the documents of the Second Human Settlement Summit is the importance of the role of sustainable housing AND the provision of adequate housing for the people in the development process. Various factors such as architectural style, climate, geography AND customs are influential in housing design in different places. In the meantime, the role of social factors or in other words social capital cannot be ignored; Because social capital is rooted in the structure AND social norms of society AND is generally a combination of trust, communication network, social norms AND social relations at the individual AND community level. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study is to measure the social capital of residents AND the sustainability of residential complexes in Gorgan. Based on the results, the four dimensions of the dependent variable are affected by the social capital variable. This means that the existence of concepts such as trust, interaction, participation, etc. in residential complexes, can provide the stability of the residential complex. As long as the residents of a complex have an effective AND reciprocal RELATIONSHIP with each other, the stability of the residential complex is provided; Residents to protect the complex facilities, provide security, visual beauty, hygiene AND cleanliness, rehabilitate or create space Green AND ... will interact AND participate with each other.FundingThere is no funding support. Authors’ ContributionAuthors contributed equally to the conceptualization AND writing of the article. All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript AND agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of InterestAuthors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to compare the sense of belonging to the school, the perception of the school atmosphere AND the academic vitality of elementary school boys in non-profit AND normal schools in Qain city. Method: The method of this research was descriptive AND comparative. The statistical population of this research included all elementary STUDENTS of non-profit AND normal schools in Qain city in the academic year of 2023-2024. From among the statistical population, 114 STUDENTS (57 regular STUDENTS AND 57 male STUDENTS from non-profit schools) were selected as the research sample using available sampling method. In order to collect research data, Barry, Betty AND Watt (2004) School Belonging Questionnaire, Reddy AND Rhodes (2007) Perception of School Atmosphere Questionnaire AND Martin AND Marsh (2008) Academic Vitality Questionnaire were used. In order to analyze the research data, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used. Findings: The results of the research data analysis showed that there is a significant difference between the variables of feeling of belonging to school, perception of school atmosphere AND academic vitality in non-profit AND normal school STUDENTS (p<0.005). In other words, the sense of belonging to the school, the perception of the school atmosphere, AND the academic vitality of non-profit STUDENTS are more than the STUDENTS of normal schools.Conclusion:The results of this research showed that the scores of normal STUDENTS in the studied variables are lower than those of non-profit STUDENTS, so normal schools should provide training to strengthen academic variables

Introduction: Social responsibility from an ethical point of view includes the obligations AND duties of natural AND legal persons towards society AND the environment. The moral behavior of people, like understANDing of social responsibility, depends on their liberal ideology, beliefs AND human values. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to study the RELATIONSHIP between liberalism AND human values with the moral understANDing of social responsibility. Material & Methods: The research method is applied in terms of purpose AND descriptive-correlational survey. The statistical population includes the financial managers of the companies admitted to the stock exchange, AND the questionnaire was rANDomly distributed among them AND 110 questionnaires were received. The sampling method is rANDom. The research tool is a questionnaire AND multivariate regression using SPSS software was used to analyze the data. Results: The research results show that human values based on public interest have a significant AND positive RELATIONSHIP with the moral understANDing of social responsibility. But the thinking of liberalism does not have a meaningful RELATIONSHIP with the moral understANDing of social responsibility. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this research, human values based on public interest can be considered as a tool to strengthen the moral behavior of company managers regarding corporate social responsibility. Also, improving the thinking of liberalism in managers can strengthen their social responsibility. In this case, the policy makers of Stock Exchange can direct the managers of the listed companies to comply more with the social responsibility of the company, through teaching human values AND strengthening those values, as well as monitoring the implementation of ethical regulations

Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of effective school-based self-control skill training on increasing psychological hardiness AND self-efficacy of male STUDENTS of the first secondary level.Method: This research is a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the present study included male STUDENTS of the first secondary school in Qom city, 30 STUDENTS were selected using the available sampling method AND divided into two groups of 15 people completely rANDomly. STUDENTS in the experimental group participated in 8 sessions of the school-based self-control training program, AND the control group did not receive training. Before AND after the implementation of the intervention, both groups were evaluated using the psychological hardiness scale of Lang AND Goulet (2003) AND the self-efficacy scale of children AND adolescents (SEQ-C). The data was analyzed using spss-22 software AND through repeated measures analysis of variance test.Findings: The results showed that school-based self-control skill training has a significant effect on increasing STUDENTS' psychological hardiness AND self-efficacy (P<0.01). Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicated that school-based self-control skill training can be an effective intervention in increasing psychological hardiness AND self-efficacy in STUDENTS.

The purpose of this research was to design a model to measure the general competencies of elementary school STUDENTS with regard to regard to all domains education AND to examine these competencies in elementary school STUDENTS from the perspective of school principals AND assistants. The present one is of the type of exploratory mixed research projects, AND the researchers conducted have been collected using two qualitative methods (comparative analysis AND interviews with experts) AND quantitative methods (researcher's questionnaire based on the research model). In the qualitative part, at first, using comparative content analysis with Meiring's method AND based on the fundamental reform doc ument of Education AND other high-level documents, 5 main were extracted AND the text of the interview based on these elements AND considering all domains education was provided to 8 primary education experts who were selected by purposeful AND snowball sampling. The results of semi-structured interviews showed that the general competencies of primary school STUDENTS had 8 common themes AND 182 sub-themes. In the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire was created based on the research model, AND after validating it, it was given to 70 vice-principals AND managers (out of 205 people) of schools in Bukan city in the academic year of 1402-1401, who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method, it placed. Finally, the results of Friedman's test showed that the performance of STUDENTS in spiritual AND intrapersonal-ethical competencies is favorable, in learning competencies is weak AND in psychological-physical AND cultural-social competencies is very unfavorable.